A PhD in computer science is a highly versatile degree, and many students choose it for that reason. However, with the wide range of Ph.D. specializations and programs available, it isn’t easy to select the best fits.
There are several popular specializations in the United States and other world, including engineering, information technology, security, and more.
It’s essential to get familiar with the types of courses and research methods used in that field. It can help you decide if it will be the right fit for you.
Therefore, I have compiled a brief of the best specializations and degrees for Ph.D. students in computer science. So, this blog includes their typical core necessary, subject, and descriptions.
Why Earn A Computer Science Ph.D.?
You’ve probably heard that you need an advanced degree in a difficult job market to get anywhere these days. But what kind of degree?
Computer science degrees are in high demand, and for a good reason. Some of today’s hottest employers constantly look for talented computer scientists and programmers. So, if you want to take your career to another level, consider earning a doctor of philosophy degree.
A PhD in computer science opens up many job opportunities, from research and teaching to data science and software development. Still, depending on your specific area of expertise and how your interests grow during your graduate studies.
You may find yourself more interested in some options than others. To make sure you have a comprehensive understanding of all your career options.
Career paths to consider
A Ph.D. in computer science can lead to a wide range of career opportunities. One option is becoming an academic and teaching and conducting research at a university.
Another option is to work in the private sector, in a role such as software engineering, data science, or cybersecurity. Finally, some people choose to pursue a career in the public sector, such as government IT or digital communications.
Above all, research is a common career choice for degree holders because of their training in analyzing complex problems and testing hypotheses through experimentation or data collection.
Area for Specialization
Machine Learning
Machine learning incorporates advanced math, logic, and algorithm to allow computers to process data and make predictions based on algorithms. A key focus is creating machines that can learn to adapt with experience.
For example, a computer can improve speech recognition or vision, as it’s exposed to more data about speech or human faces. The ability for computers to learn goes beyond simple pattern recognition. Instead, it’s about building systems that teach themselves from real-world inputs, commonly referred to as artificial intelligence (AI).
Hence, Ph.D. in machine learning focuses on artificial intelligence and computer science. The program trains researchers in theoretical and applied machine learning, with an eye toward the real-world applications of this technology.
Students learn how to design and build algorithms that can learn from data and perform tasks from image recognition to recommendation systems. That is designed to help students become leading practitioners, ready to tackle the challenges of innovative machine learning research, industry, and academia.
Neural Networks
You may have heard of artificial neural networks, or ANNs, which are used to mimic human cognition. ANNs use a computer system to learn from data. For example, let’s say you want your neural network to recognize all the images on Google’s homepage for you.
ANNs can be trained to recognize any data as long as they have enough information. They use algorithms designed to pick up patterns between what they’re looking at and how it’s been labeled. The Ph.D. in Neural Networks trains the next generation of researchers and scientists to advance the field of machine learning.
Bioinformatics
Bioinformatics is a branch of computer science and a tool used by researchers. Usually, students who enroll in PhDs that combine bioinformatics with computer science may learn to use algorithms to analyze DNA sequence data.
Other students may be interested in developing new software applications and hardware platforms that enable scientists to study various diseases and health conditions better. Either way, you’ll likely spend a lot of time conducting research, which is certainly different from many other types of doctoral programs out there.
Luckily, if you’re passionate about health care or programming, you can still pursue your dreams as a doctor of bioinformatics by earning your degree online with an accredited university.
Network and Security (NSP)
Network protocols and security ensure that humans and computers communicate securely over a network. It involves ensuring that only allowed users can access a network or system and keep sensitive information private.
The study of network protocols is concerned with the rules and languages computers use to communicate over a network. It is the job of network engineers to design and build network systems that can communicate with each other securely and efficiently.
Vision and Pattern Recognition
The Ph.D. in Computer Vision and Pattern Recognition goal is to equip students with the theoretical, methodological, and practical expertise to become technology leaders.
It develops a strong foundation in math, algorithms, and the scientific method while introducing students to the latest technology.
As a result, students think critically and quantitatively while providing training and mentorship to prepare students for postdoctoral and independent research careers. As a result of this specialization, students will be equipped for careers in academia, industry, or government research.
Also Read: High Paying Engineering Degrees
Game Theory
In computer science, game theory is applied to a variety of fields. A typical example is designing optimal strategies for competing companies. One famous example used game theory when creating optimal strategies for auctions, where companies can make certain bids or not bid at all.
The idea behind using game theory here is that each company will use its competitors’ past actions to predict what they’ll do next and thus base their actions on that information. The military also uses game theory when planning strategies for both defensive and offensive moves.
Computer Architecture
Today, there are four main computer architectures: Von Neumann, Harvard, Ternary, and Connection. Most computers in today’s market use either Von Neumann or Harvard architecture.
A Von Neumann architecture is used by desktop and laptop computers. This architecture uses a separate processor (CPU) and memory chips with a control unit to coordinate communication.
In contrast, a Harvard architecture places both processing power and memory on one chip—what’s known as an SoC (system-on-chip).
The field of computer architecture will continue to be a vital one as the world’s biggest tech companies compete to build the most extensive and most advanced computers.
Operating Systems
Operating systems are software that runs on computers and mobile devices. They serve as the interface between users and their computers, allowing people to access and use software and data. Operating systems are also responsible for managing and coordinating the resources and hardware of a computer.
Most computer science students learn to write programs on existing operating systems. But there are alternatives to becoming a software engineer. As long as you don’t plan on devoting your entire life to writing code, consider a career as an IT manager or analyst.
You will learn what it takes to install and maintain operating systems, which is valuable information for anyone in data security or network infrastructure.
Natural Language Processing
The field of Natural Language Processing explores how computers can understand language. NLP draws from computational linguistics, artificial intelligence, and computer science fields.
Consequently, students studying NLP focus on building algorithms. That can process written text or spoken words and carry out tasks. For example, understanding human emotion, summarizing data, searching for relevant information online, or translating one language into another.
Robotics
From manufacturing to medicine, robotics can assist in a wide range of fields. However, the domain is also seeing a rise in degree programs, so it is helpful to specialize in a particular area. Ph.D. in robotics is among the most popular specializations for individuals interested in the field.
Robotics is poised to make significant advances in society by improving the quality of life for people around the globe. However, to realize this, a strong foundation in the fundamentals of robotics is required.
Specialization in the ACO
The field of algorithms, combinatorics, and optimization (ACO) is an extraordinary place in computer science. The lot offers a unique mixture of theory, practice, and applications in an astonishing number of areas.
Besides, students learn the efficiency and effectiveness of algorithms, the design of valuable objects, and the best way to achieve a goal. The Ph.D. in ACO focuses on the mathematical and computational foundations and their applications to a broad range of problems.
This specialization gives students a strong background in these fields and can conduct innovative research. The doctor of philosophy in ACO is a highly quantitative program and requires a significant amount of research.
PI & ADS Specialization
Photonic integration (PI) and advanced data storage technology (ADS) come together to facilitate high-speed electronics for a variety of applications, including data centers, supercomputers, 5G networks, autonomous vehicles, and more.
Advances in photonics and storage technologies have made it possible to combine these technologies into one device with an architecture called multi-layer stack (MLS).
Designing and manufacturing advanced electronics requires a complex process involving multiple subsystems, including circuit design, packaging, interconnects, and thermal management.
These speeds, efficiency, and size improvements enable new applications for supercomputers, data centers, autonomous vehicles, and 5G networks.
Computer Engineering
A computer engineer typically requires either a doctoral degree or a master’s degree in computer science, electrical engineering, software engineering, or another related area of study.
A doctorate is typical of working as an engineer and developing new technology, especially computers. Moreover, they perform research that has practical applications, although an advanced degree isn’t necessary for research-only positions.
A doctorate also may be helpful if you wish to teach computer science at the college level. The majority of colleges and universities prefer faculty members with advanced degrees.
Software Engineer
In reality, software engineers are among the highest-paid professionals. In addition, ph. D. work can prepare the students for senior-level careers at leading companies or startups.
So, you can choose to specialize in artificial intelligence, network security, or mobile apps. If you want something a little more practical, try applying your coding skills to biomedical applications like medical imaging and genomics analysis.
The major caveat with software engineering is that you’ll have to put up with many grunts of work. It also maintains computer networks and does other tedious systems work that can be hard to get excited about as a doctoral student.
Famous Universities
School | Location | Ph.D. Programs |
Auburn University | Alabama, USA | Computer Science and Software Engineering |
University of Nevada, Reno | United States | Computer Science & Engineering |
University of Arizona | Tucson, USA | Data Science, Informatics |
The Ohio State University | Columbus, OH USA | Computer Engineering |
George Washington University | Washington, DC | Algorithms and theory, and 6 more |
The University of Tennessee | Knoxville, USA | Computational Science |
University of Lethbridge | Lethbridge Alberta, Canada | Theoretical and Computational Science |
University of Tartu | Estonia, Europe | Computer, Mathematics, Science |
Rochester Institute of Technology | NY USA, Dubai, UAE | 11 programs |
Queen’s University | Belfast, United Kingdom | Electronics, Electrical, Engineering |
What are the requirements for a PhD in computer science?
To enter a PhD in the computer science program, have a bachelor’s or master’s degree or equivalent. Additionally, GRE scores and a letter of recommendation are required. Each university sets its requirements and the particular minimum score for admittance.
You must also have an undergraduate degree in mathematics or engineering, along with some familiarity with computers. Sometimes, work experience in computer science may be required.
Typically, students need to meet specific backgrounds, experiences, and other factors. For example, the requirements for the Doctor of Philosophy in computer science offered at a university in the United States will differ from a school in another country.
Similarly, the requirements of a large, private university will differ from a smaller, public university. In general, the requirements will vary based on the institution. Above all, some schools require IELTS or TOEFL scores from international students.
Online Doctor of Philosophy Programs
The best online Ph.D. programs in computer science offer the same curriculum and content as their on-campus counterparts. You can access the same lectures and materials, interact with the same faculty, and utilize the same resources.
In this case, you can study at home or any other location of your choice. This flexibility is especially beneficial for students with limited education or financial resources.
The first step toward earning an online PhD in computer science is to find the right online program for you. Above all, many schools are offering Doctor of Philosophy specializations in computer science.
The format of an online program allows you to access course materials and complete assignments whenever is most convenient for you. Some programs offer the option to take face-to-face classes on campus or through videoconferencing.
The online format also allows you to collaborate with classmates and communicate with professors and other experts in your field through online chat, email, and other forms.
How long does it take to complete a PhD in computer science?
The time to complete a Ph.D. in computer science depends on several factors, most notably the background and interests of the student. For students with experience in computer science, the program could complete in as little as two years.
For students without a background in the field, it could take substantially longer. So, most programs are completed in 4 or 5 years, though students are often allowed to take longer if necessary.
What is a tuition fee waiver for Ph.D. students in the United States?
Tuition waivers are offered to Ph.D. students in the United States to help offset the cost of education. Universities grant these waivers, often to attract top students to their programs.
Consequently, some Ph.D. programs are offered tuition-free to qualified students, while others require paying tuition per semester. It can also apply to the tuition fees for graduate programs other than a Ph.D. (such as a Master’s degree or a certificate program).
What is the annual tuition fee in the United States for a Ph.D. in computer science?
In the United States, students attending PhD programs in computer science pay roughly $24,000 per year in tuition and living expenses. Thus, the annual tuition fee for a Doctor of Philosophy in computer science depends on location.
What jobs are available for PhDs in computer science?
With so many career opportunities in computer science, it’s no surprise that graduates with a doctorate find themselves in high-demand jobs. Many computer science PhDs choose to become faculty members in colleges and universities.
Other graduates become software engineers or research and development managers in the computer industry. Similarly, some people become computer programmers or software engineers.
The largest employers of computer scientists are Google, Facebook, Amazon, Microsoft, IBM, and Apple, in that order. So, PhDs in computer science have plenty of opportunities in the field.
FAQs
There are essentially two types of computer science doctorate degrees: those that focus on a particular industry area and those that focus on teaching.
The first is generally better for students who want to enter the industry; the second is better for students who wish to enter academia.
Whether it’s worth getting a Ph.D. in computer science depends on your career goals. A Ph.D. could help you achieve your career goals. It can also open many doors to higher-paying positions.
However, if a master’s degree is sufficient for your needs, consider a career in software engineering or another field of computer science rather than pursuing a doctoral degree.
Google has a well-deserved reputation for seeking the best and the brightest for hiring software engineers. But does that mean they only hire people with PhDs? Not at all.
While advanced degrees can be a great way to strengthen your resume, education is only one of the many factors we consider when evaluating candidates.
Some of Google’s most successful employees have PhDs. A significant number of our engineers have advanced degrees. But we also hire for other kinds of backgrounds, including those without advanced degrees.
Salaries for computer science PhDs also vary by employer and position, but on average, computer science PhDs earn $108,000 per year. As a result, computer science PhDs have plenty of options for continuing their education and finding high-paying jobs.
Computer science Doctor of Philosophy job prospects vary by field and employer, of course, but you can expect solid job prospects in academia, government, and industry.
Conclusion
We often think of programmers and software developers when we think of computer science. But a PhD in computer science has a lot more to offer. It is an excellent education for a variety of careers. The Ph.D. program allows you to specialize in a specific area of science and learn the most advanced techniques and theories in that area.
It helps expand your knowledge in a specific field and better understand complex topics. It also often comes with better pay and more job opportunities. Therefore, many people decide to pursue it instead of an MBA or other graduate degree.
The field of the internet and technology has been revolutionized. Therefore, this advanced degree is required for most academic positions and is a prerequisite for leadership positions such as department chairs and college presidents.